{"id":38241,"date":"2026-01-09T23:33:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-09T16:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/genesisfertility.co.th\/?p=38241"},"modified":"2026-06-10T00:04:19","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T17:04:19","slug":"male-infertility-causes-treatment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/genesisfertility.co.th\/en\/male-infertility-causes-treatment\/","title":{"rendered":"Male Infertility: Causes, Signs, and Treatment Options"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Infertility is often assumed to be a female issue \u2014 but male factors contribute to roughly 40\u201350% of all infertility cases. Understanding the causes and treatment options is an important first step for any couple trying to conceive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This article covers the most common causes of male infertility, how it&#8217;s diagnosed, and what treatment options are available at GFC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Common Causes of Male Infertility<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Sperm Quality and Quantity Issues<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most frequently encountered category, with several distinct presentations:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Oligospermia<\/strong> \u2014 Low sperm count (below 15 million\/mL)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Asthenospermia<\/strong> \u2014 Poor sperm motility (progressive motility below 32%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Teratospermia<\/strong> \u2014 Abnormal sperm morphology (normal forms below 4%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Azoospermia<\/strong> \u2014 No sperm present in the ejaculate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Anatomical Factors<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Blocked or absent vas deferens<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum) \u2014 common and treatable<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Undescended testicle history<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Hormonal Imbalances<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Low levels of FSH, LH, or testosterone can impair sperm production. Hormonal causes are identified through blood testing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Lifestyle Factors<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Smoking \u2014 directly damages sperm DNA<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Excessive alcohol consumption<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chronic stress<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Obesity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Frequent heat exposure (hot tubs, saunas, tight clothing)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Medical History<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mumps orchitis (testicular inflammation from mumps infection)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Urogenital infections<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chronic conditions such as diabetes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Signs to Watch For<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Male infertility usually has no obvious symptoms. The most common indicator is simply not achieving pregnancy after:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>12 months<\/strong> of regular unprotected intercourse (general guideline)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>6 months<\/strong> if the female partner is 35 or older<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Other possible signs include pain or swelling around the testicles, reduced libido, or a history of urogenital infections or surgery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Semen Analysis: The First Step<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A semen analysis is the standard starting point for male fertility assessment. It evaluates multiple parameters simultaneously.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Parameter<\/th><th>Normal Range (WHO)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Semen volume<\/td><td>\u2265 1.5 mL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sperm concentration<\/td><td>\u2265 15 million\/mL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Progressive motility<\/td><td>\u2265 32%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Normal morphology<\/td><td>\u2265 4%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Results help the doctor identify the specific issue and design an appropriate treatment plan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Treatment Options<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">For Low Count or Poor Quality Sperm<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>IUI<\/strong> \u2014 Suitable for mild to moderate sperm issues. Prepared sperm are placed directly into the uterus at ovulation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ICSI<\/strong> \u2014 The preferred option for severe sperm issues. A single sperm is injected directly into each egg, requiring far fewer sperm than conventional IVF.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sperm Enhancement Services at GFC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sperm Advance (MSS + PICSI)<\/strong> \u2014 12,500 THB. Selects the highest-quality sperm before IUI or ICSI.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sperm Premium (MSS + MACS + PICSI)<\/strong> \u2014 34,500 THB. Advanced sperm selection for severe male factor cases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">For Azoospermia (No Sperm in Ejaculate)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In some cases, sperm can be retrieved directly from the testicle (TESE\/PESA) and used with ICSI. Your doctor will assess feasibility during consultation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lifestyle Modifications<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not a replacement for medical treatment, but meaningful improvements in sperm quality have been associated with:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Stopping smoking<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reducing alcohol<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reaching a healthy weight<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avoiding testicular heat exposure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adequate sleep<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">When to See a Doctor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>After <strong>12 months<\/strong> of trying without success<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>After <strong>6 months<\/strong> if the female partner is 35 or older<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If you have a known history of varicocele, undescended testicle, or urogenital surgery<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If you&#8217;ve had a previous abnormal semen analysis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FAQ<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1781024536046\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>What tests will the male partner need?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>A semen analysis is the starting point, followed by a hormone blood panel if indicated. Your doctor will order based on initial findings.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1781024544516\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>Can ICSI be done with very low sperm count?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. ICSI is specifically designed for severe male factor infertility \u2014 it requires only one viable sperm per egg. Your doctor will assess and advise based on your specific results<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1781024551953\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>Should varicocele be treated before starting ICSI?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>It depends on severity and the couple&#8217;s overall treatment plan. Your doctor will recommend the most appropriate approach for your situation.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1781024561755\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>Does the male partner need to be present throughout treatment?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Both partners should attend the first consultation. The male partner needs to be present on the day of semen collection during treatment.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1781024569098\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>Can diet or supplements improve sperm quality?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Antioxidant-rich foods may have a modest positive effect, but they&#8217;re not a substitute for medical evaluation and treatment. Discuss specific supplementation with your doctor.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1781024579948\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>Where can I book a semen analysis at GFC?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Contact GFC via Line @gfcclinic or call 097-484-5335. Available at all 3 branches \u2014 Rama 9, Rama 3, and Ubon Ratchathani.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Male infertility is common and, in many cases, treatable. A semen analysis is the essential first step \u2014 giving your doctor the data needed to recommend the right approach, whether that&#8217;s lifestyle changes, IUI, ICSI, or sperm enhancement services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GFC&#8217;s team of 7 specialist doctors is experienced in treating both male and female factor infertility, managing over 2,000 cases per year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 Learn about ICSI for male factor infertility \u2192 <a href=\"\/en\/services\/services-ivf-icsi-treatment\/\">ICSI at GFC<\/a> \u2192 Learn<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Infertility is often assumed to be a female issue \u2014 but male factors contribute to&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":30396,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[448],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/genesisfertility.co.th\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/genesisfertility.co.th\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/genesisfertility.co.th\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genesisfertility.co.th\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genesisfertility.co.th\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38241"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/genesisfertility.co.th\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38241\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38242,"href":"https:\/\/genesisfertility.co.th\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38241\/revisions\/38242"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genesisfertility.co.th\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/genesisfertility.co.th\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genesisfertility.co.th\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38241"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genesisfertility.co.th\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}